Body

50岁及以上的人群中，超过90%曾感染过水痘病毒。1*这意味着大多数成年人体内都带有可导致生蛇的病毒。大约每 3 个人当中，就有 1 人在其一生中可能有罹患生蛇的风险。2* 如果您年满 50 岁以上，由于与年龄相对应的免疫力下降 ，可能导致病毒重新激活，3您罹患生蛇的风险会因而增高。3,4

生蛇的其他风险因素包括：

  • 哮喘、糖尿病、心脏病、慢性阻塞性肺部疾病 和慢性肾病等慢性疾病 3,5
  • 其他特定感染（例如 HIV, COVID-19）3,5,6
  • 身体创伤或心理压力3,7,8
  • 带状疱疹家族史5
  • 由于疾病（例如癌症）导致免疫系统减弱，或服用某些会削弱免疫力的 物，如类固醇、器官移植后和抗癌药物,3,5,9

*根据美国人口数据

参考资料:
1. Kilgore, P.E., et al. (2003). Varicella in Americans from NHANES III: Implications for control through routine immunization. Journal of Medical Virology, 70(Suppl 1), S111–118.
2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Shingles facts and stats. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/shingles/data-research/index.html. Accessed 17 September 2025.
3. World Health Organization. Shingles (herpes zoster): Fact sheets. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/shingles-(herpes-zoster). Accessed 17 September 2025.
4. Weyand, C. M. & Goronzy, J. J. (2016). Aging of the immune system: Mechanisms and therapeutic Targets. Annals of the American Thoracic Society, 13(Suppl 5), S422–S428.
5. Steinmann, M., et al. (2024). Risk factors for herpes zoster infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis unveiling common trends and heterogeneity patterns. Infection, 52, 1009–1026.
6. Bhavsar, A., et al. (2022). Increased risk of herpes zoster in adults ≥50 years old diagnosed with COVID-19 in the United States. Open Forum Infectious Disease, 9(5):ofac118.
7. Thomas, S. L., et al. (2004). Case-control study of the effect of mechanical trauma on the risk of herpes zoster. British Medical Journal, 328(7437), 439.
8. Schmidt, S. A. J., et al. (2021). Perceived psychological stress and risk of herpes zoster: A nationwide population‐based cohort study. British Journal of Dermatology, 185, 130–138.
9. Chawki, S., et al. (2022). Incidence of complications of herpes zoster in individuals on immunosuppressive therapy: A register-based population study. Journal of Infection, 84, 531–536.

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